Key data
| Stowage factor | 0.30–0.42 m³/t (typical 0.35)10.6–14.8 ft³/t (typical 12.4) |
|---|---|
| Form | Bulk |
| IMSBC group | A Cargoes that may liquefy if shipped above their moisture limit. |
| BCSN | COPPER CONCENTRATE |
ft³/t values are per metric tonne (1 m³/t ≈ 35.31 ft³/t). Stowage factors are indicative — see note below.
Description
Copper concentrate is a fine, dense product of ore flotation shipped to smelters. At around 0.35 m3/t it is a strongly deadweight cargo. Like other mineral concentrates it can liquefy if shipped too wet, and it combines concentrated weight with fine, metal-bearing dust.
Stowage & loading
Loading proceeds only with the moisture content shown to be below the transportable moisture limit, backed by certificates and the master's checks. The heavy cargo is loaded by grab or conveyor with care for tank-top strength and an even distribution of the concentrated weight.
Hazards & handling
Liquefaction is the dominant risk where moisture exceeds the TML, allowing the cargo to flow and shift. The very low stow concentrates weight and can overstress the tank top if poorly trimmed, and the dust is fine and metal-bearing, calling for dust control and hygiene.
Carriage & discharge
The stow is monitored for moisture migration, free water and any surface movement, with conditions logged. Discharge is by grab from a stable face, with dust controlled and the clinging concentrate residue cleaned thoroughly from holds on completion.
Key hazards
- Liquefaction if moisture exceeds the transportable moisture limit
- Structural overstress from concentrated weight
- Fine, metal-bearing dust
Loading precautions
- Confirm moisture is below the TML with certificates and checks
- Distribute the dense load to respect tank-top strength
- Control dust and observe hygiene precautions
Stowage factors are indicative and vary with grade, origin, moisture and packing. Always verify against the shipper's cargo declaration and the applicable IMSBC Code schedule before fixing or loading. This is general information, not professional or safety advice.