Key data
| Stowage factor | 0.30–0.45 m³/t (typical 0.38)10.6–15.9 ft³/t (typical 13.4) |
|---|---|
| Form | Bulk |
| IMSBC group | A Cargoes that may liquefy if shipped above their moisture limit. |
| BCSN | ILMENITE SAND |
ft³/t values are per metric tonne (1 m³/t ≈ 35.31 ft³/t). Stowage factors are indicative — see note below.
Description
Ilmenite is a heavy titanium-iron oxide mineral sand shipped in bulk as titanium feedstock. At around 0.38 m3/t it is very dense and strongly deadweight-limited. Fine, moist grades are a Group A cargo that can liquefy, so its carriage combines the concerns of a very dense cargo with moisture control.
Stowage & loading
Loading of liquefaction-prone grades proceeds only with moisture shown below the transportable moisture limit, backed by certificates and checks. The very dense sand is loaded by grab or conveyor with attention to tank-top strength and weight distribution, and dust is controlled when dry.
Hazards & handling
Two concerns combine: liquefaction of fine, wet grades above the TML, which lets the cargo flow and shift, and the extreme density, which can overstress the tank top if poorly distributed and affects stability. The dry sand is dusty; the mineral is otherwise inert.
Carriage & discharge
The stow is monitored for moisture migration and surface movement, and weight distribution watched for structural stress. Discharge is by grab from a stable face, with dust controlled when dry and the dense residue cleaned from holds on completion.
Key hazards
- Liquefaction of fine, wet grades above the transportable moisture limit
- Structural overstress from extreme concentrated weight
- Dust raised in handling when the dry sand is worked
Loading precautions
- Confirm moisture below the TML for liquefaction-prone grades
- Distribute the very dense load to respect tank-top strength
- Monitor the stow for moisture migration and movement
Stowage factors are indicative and vary with grade, origin, moisture and packing. Always verify against the shipper's cargo declaration and the applicable IMSBC Code schedule before fixing or loading. This is general information, not professional or safety advice.