Key data
| Stowage factor | 1.20–1.34 m³/t (typical 1.27)42.4–47.3 ft³/t (typical 44.8) |
|---|---|
| Form | Bulk |
| IMSBC group | C Cargoes that neither liquefy nor carry a chemical hazard. |
| Angle of repose | ~25 |
| BCSN | WHEAT |
ft³/t values are per metric tonne (1 m³/t ≈ 35.31 ft³/t). Stowage factors are indicative — see note below.
Description
Wheat is one of the most commonly fixed bulk grain cargoes and behaves as a clean, free-flowing commodity that fills the hold to the boundaries. Its stowage factor sits in the middle of the grain band, so on most bulk carriers it is a measurement cargo: the holds fill to capacity before the ship reaches her marks. Cargo intake therefore turns on cubic capacity and trim rather than deadweight alone.
Stowage & loading
Holds must be presented clean, dry and free of infestation and prior cargo residues before loading, and grain fittings or a grain stability calculation are normally required to control the free surface and shifting moment. Loading is by spout or conveyor and trimming is straightforward given the free-flowing nature, but masters watch for uneven loading that could overstress the structure.
Hazards & handling
The principal concerns are moisture, taint and the depletion of oxygen in enclosed spaces as the grain respires. Wet damage, mould and caking follow any ingress of water, and the cargo readily takes up odours from previous cargoes or contaminated holds. Enclosed-space entry precautions apply because oxygen can fall to dangerous levels in the cargo and adjacent spaces.
Carriage & discharge
The cargo is carried with hold ventilation managed against the risk of ship sweat and cargo sweat, balancing the dew points of the cargo and the outside air. Discharge is by grab or suction; residual fumigant must be cleared and the holds gas-freed and certified safe before personnel enter. Sweepings and spillage are recovered as cargo where the charter so provides.
Key hazards
- Oxygen depletion and possible fumigant residues in enclosed spaces
- Moisture damage, mould and caking from water ingress
- Taint from contaminated holds or strong-smelling previous cargoes
Loading precautions
- Present holds clean, dry and free of infestation before loading
- Apply the grain stability assessment and any required grain fittings
- Confirm fumigation arrangements and enclosed-space entry controls
Stowage factors are indicative and vary with grade, origin, moisture and packing. Always verify against the shipper's cargo declaration and the applicable IMSBC Code schedule before fixing or loading. This is general information, not professional or safety advice.